Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist, widely regarded as one of the greatest figures in Western classical music. Born in Bonn, he showed early musical talent, trained first by his father and later Christian Gottlob Neefe, who guided his first published compositions. At 21, Beethoven moved to Vienna, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining fame as a virtuoso pianist. Beethoven’s music bridged the Classical and Romantic eras, evolving through three main periods. His early works were shaped by classical traditions, while his middle or "heroic" period introduced bold innovations and personal style, despite the onset of deafness. In his late period, he expanded musical form and expression, composing some of his most celebrated works. Notable compositions include his nine symphonies, especially the Third, Fifth, and Ninth, the last being the first major choral symphony. Other key works are his piano sonatas, late string quartets, the "Emperor" piano concerto, the Missa solemnis, and his only opera, Fidelio. Nearly deaf in his final years, Beethoven focused on composition until his death at 56, leaving a legacy that continues to inspire musicians and audiences worldwide.