John Coltrane (1926–1967) was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer recognized as one of the most influential figures in jazz and twentieth-century music. Raised in North Carolina and later studying music in Philadelphia, he worked with legends like Miles Davis and Thelonious Monk, and was instrumental in the development of modal and free jazz. Coltrane led over fifty recording sessions and created groundbreaking albums, most notably A Love Supreme, reflecting the deep spiritual direction his music would take. His legacy endures through his innovative sound, numerous posthumous honors, and ongoing influence. Coltrane was married to pianist and harpist Alice Coltrane, and their children include musicians John Jr., Ravi, and Oran.